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Nov-07-2009Beijing Slams USTariffs in Growing Clash(topic overview)
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The U.S. Commerce Department on Thursday slapped preliminary anti-dumping duties on Chinese-made steel pipes used in the oil and gas industry. It was the biggest U.S. trade action against China to date, topping U.S. President Barack Obama's earlier decision to put a 35 percent tariff on $1.85 billion of Chinese-made tires. This time, the action will hit Chinese exports that were worth around $3.2 billion last year, Yi said. [1] WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The United States has set preliminary anti-dumping duties ranging from 36.53 percent to 99.14 percent on Chinese-made steel pipe used in oil wells, a source familiar with the decision said on Thursday. U.S. companies imported $2.63 billion of "certain oil country tubular goods" from China in 2008, or more than three times the $750 million they imported in 2007. That makes it the largest U.S. trade action ever against China by volume of imports. It tops President Barack Obama's decision in September to slap a 35-percent tariff on about $1.85 billion of Chinese-made tires.[2]
CHINA blasted the United States yesterday for launching preliminary dumping duties on Chinese-made steel pipes and announced an investigation into imports of American-made autos as a trade conflict escalated a little more than a week before U.S. President Barack Obama visits Beijing. Yao Jian, spokesman for China's Ministry of Commerce, said higher pipe tariffs would have a serious impact on the Chinese steel industry and that "China strongly opposes such acts of protectionism."[3] CHINA has demanded the United States give up trade protectionism and fairly treat Chinese enterprises after the U.S. Commerce Department endorsed dumping charges on China's steel pipes in a preliminary decision. "It is discriminatory," spokesman of China's Ministry of Commerce Yao Jian said today. "The U.S. wantonly raises its tariffs, taking advantage of not admitting China's status as a market economy. It will have a serious impact on Chinese steel industry and China strongly opposes such deeds of protectionism."[4]
Yao urged the U.S. to commit itself to the promises of fighting protectionism made at the 20th session of the US-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade, which concluded last month. He also said China will "take measures" to defend the interests of domestic enterprises. The U.S. Commerce Department released its preliminary decision on the dumping charges on Chinese-made steel pipes yesterday, ruling imposition of duties of up to 99 percent on steel pipes from China.[4] Market-economy status would give China more leverage in trade disputes. "The Obama administration is adding pressure to cause China to compromise more on trade issues such as the foreign exchange rate and tax rebates during Obama's visit," said Sun Lijian, an economics professor at Fudan University. In its preliminary decision, the U.S. Commerce Department proposed duties ranging up to 99 percent on Chinese-made steel pipes used in oil and gas drilling.[3]
WASHINGTON, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Commerce Department on Thursday set preliminary anti-dumping duties on imports of Chinese-made oil pipes, the biggest U.S. trade action against China.[5] The United States yesterday imposed preliminary anti-dumping duties on $2.63 billion in Chinese-made pipes used in the oil and gas industry, in the biggest U.S. trade action against China to date. That follows counter-vailing duties on the pipes, announced in September. "China resolutely opposes the abuse of protectionist measures," China's Commerce Ministry said on its website.[6] The United States on Thursday slapped preliminary anti-dumping duties ranging up to 99 percent on $2.63 billion in Chinese-made pipes used in the oil and gas industry, in the biggest U.S. trade action against China. That comes on top of counter-vailing duties on the same product, announced in September.[7]
China denounced as protectionist new U.S. anti-dumping duties on steel pipes and launched its own investigation into imports of US-made automobiles today, a week before a visit by President Barack Obama. It also called for Washington's swift recognition that China is a market economy, which would make it harder for the United States to declare Chinese products are dumped.[6] BEIJING -- China called a U.S. decision to impose duties on imports of Chinese steel pipe "abusive protectionism," and both nations moved ahead with new trade investigations Friday, heightening a trade quarrel a little more than a week ahead of a visit to China by President Barack Obama.[8]
BEIJING — China criticized Washington for imposing anti-dumping duties on Chinese-made steel pipes and launched a probe Friday of imported U.S. autos, adding to trade tensions two weeks before President Barack Obama visits Beijing.[9] BEIJING -- China on Friday blasted Washington's decision to impose anti-dumping duties on imports of Chinese-made steel pipe as protectionist ahead of President Barack Obama's visit to Beijing this month.[10]
The commerce department's decision to impose duties of up to 99 per cent on imports of some steel pipes is the latest in a string of trade spats between the two countries over tyres, cars and chickens. It comes less than a fortnight before President Barack Obama's first visit to China.[11] The preliminary Commerce Department decision came a week before President Barack Obama heads to Asia on a trip that includes stops in Shanghai and Beijing. "We hope that the U.S. will set aside its biases and as quickly as possible recognise China's market economic status, thoroughly overcoming its double standards and giving equal and fair treatment to Chinese firms." In trade meetings with U.S. officials last week in Hangzhou, the Chinese side pressed for recognition as a market economy, before the 2016 deadline set as part of its entry to the World Trade Organisation.[7] The Ministry of Commerce said on Friday the move followed concerns raised by domestic car producers. The ruling in the U.S. marks another big win for the United Steelworkers Union (USW), which lobbied in both the steel pipe case and the earlier tire case. The USW was a major supporter of President Obama during last year's presidential campaign and the union is an important ally in his fight for healthcare reform. The steel pipe anti-dumping case will impact more than 90 Chinese steel plants, many of them major employers, said Yi. He complained that the U.S. refusal to recognize China as a market economy means it applies double standards to China, instead of applying generally accepted World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.[1]
BEIJING - CHINA on Friday formally launched an investigation into possible dumping and unfair subsidies involving some U.S. auto imports, the commerce ministry said. The ministry said on its website that it had launched an 'anti-dumping and countervailing probe into sedans and off-road vehicles with an engine size of 2.0 litres or above imported from the United States'. China said in September that its domestic auto industry had requested that the ministry look into the alleged unfair trade practices, but the government had not given specifics about the products in question until now. China 'will make an impartial and reasonable ruling on this case based on the law and facts to maintain fair trade,' the commerce ministry said.[12] China's commerce ministry harshly criticised as "protectionist" a U.S. announcement Thursday that Washington had imposed anti-dumping tariffs of up to 99 percent on imports of some Chinese steel products used in the oil industry. China "firmly opposes the abuse of protectionism and will take measures to seriously protect the interests of the domestic industry," the ministry said in a statement on its website.[13] The Commerce Ministry criticized the U.S. decision Thursday to raise tariffs on Chinese pipes as protectionist. It said the move violated World Trade Organization principles and commitments by Washington and other Group of 20 major economies to avoid protectionism amid the global economic crisis. "China resolutely opposes use of such protectionist practices, and will take measures to protect the interests of domestic industry," ministry spokesman Yao Jian said in a statement on the ministry's Web site.[9] China's Ministry of Commerce, in a statement on its Web site responding to the U.S. pipe tariffs, noted that members of the Group of 20 have promised to resist protectionism. "China resolutely opposes this abusive protectionism and will take action to protect the interests of domestic industries," it said. The statement said the frequency of U.S. trade investigations against China this year has been "rarely seen in history."[8]
By the end of October, 19 countries had filed 88 anti-dumping investigations against China. That's the assessment of the Ministry of Commerce department that investigates industry injury due to trade disputes. Export cases involving the U.S. surged 5 times in terms of value, and those involving India rose 18 times. Yang Yi, Department Director of Industry Injury Investigation, MOC said "Both the number and the value of anti-dumping cases increased significantly.[14] Industry filed five new complaints against China in September, believed to be a record for a single month. Since January, the Commerce Department has launched at least one dozen investigations into charges Chinese companies receive government subsidies that allow them to sell more cheaply than U.S. competitors or "dump" goods in the United States at unfairly low prices regardless of profit or loss.[15] The Commerce Department is expected to announce the preliminary duties later on Thursday. They reflect the department's determination of how far below "fair market value" Chinese companies are selling steel pipe and tubing product in the United States. They are in addition to preliminary countervailing duties of 10.69 percent to 30.69 percent the Commerce Department announced in September to offset Chinese government subsidies to encourage production of the steel goods.[2] The votes came one day after the U.S. Commerce Department slapped preliminary anti-dumping duties on some $2.6 billion worth of steel pipe from China used in the oil and gas sector. Those were in addition to preliminary countervailing duties set on the pipe in September to offset Chinese subsidies.[16] According to statistics from the U.S. Commerce Department, the total amount of Chinese-made tubular steel goods exported to the U.S. was valued at $2.6 billion. This decision was an addition to the preliminary extra duties of 10.69 percent to 30.69 percent for Chinese oil pipes the Commerce Department announced in September.[17] A 36.53-percent tariff will be imposed on oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from 37 Chinese companies, while some other companies will be levied a preliminary dumping rate of 99.14 percent. They are in addition to the preliminary extra duties of 10.69 percent to 30.69 percent which the U.S. Commerce Department announced in September for Chinese oil pipes.[18] The U.S. Commerce Department issued a preliminary ruling Thursday that Chinese producers were dumping pipes used by the oil and gas industry and would impose duties of up to 99.14 percent.[19] In a related investigation, U.S. wire decking producers AWP Industries Inc., ITC Manufacturing Inc., J&L Wire Cloth Inc., Nashville Wire Products Inc. and Wireway Husky Corp. have also asked the Commerce Department to impose anti-dumping duties of 143 percent to 316 percent on the Chinese product. The Commerce Department will issue its preliminary decision on the dumping charges in mid-November and then make a final decision on duty levels in later months.[15] The Commerce Department said it set countervailing duty rates of 2.02 percent for Dalian Huameilong Metal Products Co and 3.13 percent for Dalian Eastfound Metal Products. Both cooperated in its investigation. A significant number of Chinese companies did not complete the U.S. government's questionnaire and those companies were given an adverse countervailing duty rate of 437.73 percent "for non-responsiveness," the department said. Other Chinese companies not formally targeted in the case were given a preliminary countervailing duty of 2.58 percent.[15]
The Commerce Department in October launched investigation in the steel pipe case after accepting a petition filed by U.S. Steel, V&M Star LP, TMK IPSCO and the United Steelworkers union. The petitioners sought a 98.37 percent antidumping duty to offset what they allege to be unfairly low prices for Chinese-made steel pipes sold in the United States.[19] The Commerce Department decided one Chinese company targeted in the investigation, Jiangsu Changbao Steel Co., was not guilty of dumping in the United States, the source said. That same company was hit last month with a 24.33 percent countervailing duty rate.[2] The U.S. International Trade Commission voted 6-0 to back the Commerce Department's investigation into allegations Chinese and Indonesian companies are selling coated paper used for magazines and greeting cards at unfairly low prices. It also approved an investigation of charges Chinese producers are "dumping" three types of salts in the United States, but excluded a fourth category from the probe.[20] WASHINGTON, Nov 6 (Reuters) - The United States pushed ahead on Friday with two new investigations into charges of unfair trade practices by China, but rejected a third case one week ahead of President Barack Obama's trip to Asia. U.S. lawmakers also asked Obama to renew his support for legislation targeting China's exchange rate practices. The U.S. International Trade Commission approved probes into imports of glossy magazine-quality paper from both China and Indonesia totaling hundreds of millions of dollars, as well as certain salts from China that are used in cleaning products, food additives and fertilizer.[16] The U.S. Embassy in Beijing had no immediate comment about China's actions Friday. The disputes come as Obama is due to arrive Nov. 15 on his first president visit to Beijing. Both governments have repeatedly stressed the importance of stable relations and senior leaders have avoided public comments about the trade disputes. Beijing and Washington are especially eager to avoid irritants that might derail relations as they work together with other major governments to try to pull the global economy out of its worst downturn since the 1930s. Both governments have stuck to the dispute-resolution process laid out in WTO agreements. In August, Beijing backed down in a dispute over auto parts and altered its import tariffs after it lost an appeal of a WTO case brought by the United States, Europe and Canada that said it treated foreign suppliers unfairly.[9] BEIJING - China slammed new U.S. tariffs on Chinese steel goods Friday and launched its own probe into U.S. car imports as a tit-for-tat trade tussle escalated just a week before a visit by U.S. President Barack Obama.[21]
BEIJING (Reuters) - China's Ministry of Commerce said it would protect its industry's interests and accused Washington of double-standards in denouncing new U.S. anti-dumping duties imposed shortly before a visit by President Barack Obama. It also called for Washington's swift recognition of China as a market economy.[7] BEIJING, Nov 6 (Reuters) - China's Ministry of Commerce said it would protect its industry's interests as it denounced U.S. anti-dumping duties on steel pipes used in the oil and gas industry.[22]
The decision by the U.S. Commerce Department to issue preliminary anti-dumping duties on imports of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from China could have a significant impact on the import market, sources said, though it might still be some time before domestic producers can think about ramping up output. "This will keep imports from China low in the interim. This will have a dramatic impact on OCTG imports from China," Paul Vivian, principal at Preston Publishing Co. Inc., Ballwin, Mo., said.[23] Domestic tubular steelmakers are claiming a victory now that the U.S. Commerce Department has issued preliminary anti-dumping duties on Chinese imports of oil country tubular goods (OCTG). Commerce made its decision Thursday and proposed a 36.3-percent margin against Tianjin Pipe Group Corp.; a 36.3-percent rate also on 30. This is a preview of the article.[24]
The U.S. Commerce Department on Thursday set preliminary anti-dumping duties on imports of Chinese-made oil well pipes.[25]
In September, the U.S. Commerce Department also issued a preliminary countervailing duties ranging from 10.9 percent to 30.6 percent on oil pipe imports from China. The department said that it will make its final determination of antidumping and countervailing duties next year.[5] China has become the main target of the rising protectionism. Earlier this week, the U.S. Commerce Department imposed preliminary countervailing duties (CVD), ranging from 2.02 percent to 437.73 percent, on imports of steel wire decking from China.[5] WASHINGTON, Nov. 3 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Commerce Department said on Tuesday that it has set preliminary countervailing duties (CVD) on imports of steel wire decking from China, a move that might escalate trade disputes between the two countries.[26]
With the Commerce Department's determination, the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) will make an affirmative final determination that the imports of wire decking from China materially injure, or threaten material injury to, the domestic industry.[5]
The U.S. Commerce Department has imposed anti-dumping tariffs of up to 99% on imports of Chinese tubular goods. The department alleged China had been selling its oil well pipes at prices that were much lower than normal.[27] The U.S. Commerce Department said it had imposed anti-dumping tariffs of up to 99 per cent on imports of Chinese tubular steel products used in oil and gas wells.[12]
The U.S. Commerce Department has made the preliminary decision Thursday of imposing as much as 99 percent in punitive tariffs on China-imported tubular steel goods used in the oil and gas industry.[17]
Union President Leo Gerard hailed the U.S. decision Thursday to levy preliminary tariffs on Chinese imports of steel pipes used to extract oil or gas from a drill well. "China's government and exporters are being told we are fed up with their cheating on our fair-trade laws, and penalties for these transgressions are long overdue," Mr. Gerard said.[8] Nov. 6--BEIJING -- China on Friday denounced a U.S. preliminary decision to slap antidumping duties on imports of Chinese-made steel pipes, requesting that Washington maintain "free trade and nondiscriminatory principles" with China.[19] Beijing has filed a World Trade Organisation challenge to U.S. anti-dumping duties on certain types of steel pipes, pneumatic off-road tyres and woven sacks. It has also requested consultations on the duties imposed on Chinese-made tyres, a preliminary step towards a WTO complaint.[27] China has also filed a World Trade Organization challenge to U.S. anti-dumping duties on certain types of steel pipes, pneumatic off-road tires and woven sacks. China is increasingly turning to the WTO to keep markets open to its products.[28]
The U.S. hit China with another big trade action yesterday as it slapped -preliminary anti-dumping duties on $2.6bn (''1.6bn, '''1.8bn) worth of Chinese pipe imports.[11]
The steel pipe case is biggest U.S. trade action against China to date and Beijing quickly denounced the new duties.[16] Vice-Minister of Commerce Yi Xiaozhun on Friday sounded his "strong dissatisfaction" following an announcement from the United States that it will impose massive "anti-dumping" charges on steel pipes imported from China. Beijing will make the issue of trade and investment protectionism an issue at next week's Asia-Pacific summit, he said.[1] BEIJING, Nov. 6 (Xinhua) -- China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) Friday branded the United States imposition of anti-dumping dutiesv on Chinese oil well pipes as protectionist and vowed to take measures to protect its own domestic interests.[25]
China launched anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations into imports of U.S. chicken parts and automotive parts, in response to the U.S. tyre duties. In August, a WTO panel found in favour of the United States, which claimed that Chinese curbs on importing and distributing foreign publications and audiovisual products violated its WTO commitments.[27] China launched anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations into imports of U.S. chicken parts and automotive parts, in response to the U.S. tire duties. U.S. breeders like Tyson Foods Inc sell chicken feet and wings, not consumed in the United States, to China where they are delicacies, helping pad their profit margin on each chicken.[28]
The United Steelworkers (USW) union in the United States hailed the new U.S. tariffs as "an overdue message for thousands of American laid off workers that trade laws are being enforced." USW president Leo Gerard said the anti-dumping measures were "promising" for U.S. producers reeling after nearly half of the industry's 6,000-strong workforce had lost their jobs. "China's government and exporters are being told we are fed up with their cheating on our fair trade laws and penalties for these transgressions are long overdue," he said.[13] Trade tensions are on the rise after Obama imposed tariffs on Chinese tyres in September and China responded with a complaint to the WTO. China announced plans to investigate U.S. exports of poultry, auto parts and automobiles. "China's government and exporters are being told we are fed up with their cheating on our fair-trade laws and penalties for these transgressions are long overdue,'' Leo Gerard, president of the United Steelworkers, said in a statement.[29] The duties for Chinese pipes, used in oil and gas wells, will be on top of separate duties announced in September averaging 21 percent to counter Chinese government subsidies, according to the department. It added to a growing list of actions against Chinese exports after the U.S. imposed punitive tariffs on Chinese tires in September.[4] The U.S. used an incorrect method to define and calculate the subsidies, which has resulted in an artificially high subsidy rate, hurting the Chinese firms' interests," said Yao. He noted that in the first quarter, the volume of Chinese OCTG exports to the U.S. fell 55 percent from a year ago. The U.S. industries expressed strong dissatisfaction with the trade case, saying such a move would hurt U.S. companies. The trade restrictions would "hurt U.S. using industries by raising their costs and making sources of supply uncertain," Eugene Patrone, executive director of the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition (CITAC) told Xinhua in September. He noted that the tariffs would make oil and gas exploration and production be more expensive, projects be delayed, "which is against our national goal of being less dependant on imported energy."[5]
Imports of the pipe from China more than tripled in 2008 from $US750 million a year earlier, as gasoline prices soared and companies rushed to drill new wells. Chinese shipments to the U.S. surged at the start of this year as producers rushed exports before the tariffs were introduced, said Michelle Applebaum, who runs a steel research firm in Highland Park, Illinois.[29] The products involved, valued at about US$3.2 billion, account for 46 percent of last year's Chinese steel exports to the U.S. More than 90 Chinese steel producers, including some state-owned companies like Tianjin Pipe (Group) Corp and Baosteel Group Co, would be affected.[3] "The anti-dumping ruling is unfair to Chinese producers who sold pipes in the U.S. at a 20 percent premium to our domestic prices," said Li Liancang, an export manager at the state-owned Tianjin Pipe Group Co, in an interview with Bloomberg. "Chinese exports to the U.S. have almost stopped since the preliminary ruling in September," he added.[1]
The Commerce Department also set a preliminary 99.14 percent "China-wide" anti-dumping duty on other producers and exporters, but exempted Jiangsu Changbao Steel Co. That is in addition to countervailing duties imposed on September 9, ranging from 10.90 percent to 30.69 percent. The Chinese Ministry of Commerce denounced the move as protectionist and the Chinese firms involved said they might appeal.[28] The Commerce Department on Thursday issued preliminary anti-dumping duties on Chinese OCTG, proposing a 36.3-percent margin against Tianjin Pipe Group Corp. and 30 other companies that had applied for separate rates, and a 99.14-percent margin on any Chinese producer not on the list.[23] The preliminary duties announced on Thursday by the Commerce Department included a 36.53 percent levy on certain "oil country tubular goods" produced or exported by Tianjin Pipe International Economic and Trading Corp, Zhejiang Jianli Co Ltd, Wuxi Seamless Pipe Co and unspecified other companies.[30] The duties on $US2.6 billion ($2.9 billion) in annual imports of the pipes, used in oil and gas wells, will be 36.5 per cent for the 37 largest exporters, the Commerce Department said in a preliminary decision announced by e-mail yesterday.[29]
The U.S. commerce department had earlier imposed safeguard duties of up to 35 per cent on Chinese-made tyres, following a complaint by labour unions that cheap imports from China were forcing U.S. factories to close.[31] The Chinese statement said the Commerce Department used the wrong formula to calculate the cost of goods and the duties it imposed were too high. The clash comes amid a series of U.S.-Chinese trade disputes and could add to diplomatic irritants just two weeks before Obama is due to arrive Nov. 15 on his first presidential visit to China.[10] Thursday's move followed an initial finding by the U.S. Commerce Department in September and mostly raises duties then imposed on Chinese exporters. The U.S. International Trade Commission must still clear the duties for them to become finalized.[8]
A U.S. trade panel said the Commerce Department can go forward with investigations into alleged dumping -- selling at below market prices -- of coated paper from China and Indonesia, and of certain phosphate salts from China.[8] BEIJING (Dow Jones)--China has begun investigating imports of some U.S. vehicles for possible dumping or subsidies that unfairly benefit U.S. auto makers, the latest indication of rising trade friction between the two countries. The investigation affects sedans and sport-utility vehicles with engine capacities of 2.0 liters and above, China's Ministry of Commerce said on its Web site Friday.[32] BEIJING (Reuters) - China's Ministry of Commerce on Friday announced it would formally launch an investigation into subsidies on imports of some automobiles from the United States.[33]
China's investigation would target sedans with engine capacity of two litres and above, as well as sports utility vehicles, the Commerce Ministry said, issuing a long list of incentives and tax breaks granted by the U.S. federal government and the state of Michigan. "We hope that the U.S. will set aside its biases and as quickly as possible recognise China's market economic status, thoroughly overcoming its double standards and giving equal and fair treatment to Chinese firms," it added.[6]
The probe, which could lead to additional duties on vehicles made by General Motors Corp, Ford Motor Corp and Chrysler LLC, was made in response to complaints from domestic car makers, the ministry said. "China is making a gesture to show its hard stance on trade issues," said Tan Jijia of Pacific Securities Co. "Imported vehicles from the United States are not substantial, but the intensified conflict could hit market confidence in the recovering U.S. auto industry."[3] In September, the United States announced it would impose duties on Chinese-made tyres to protect local U.S. industry, sparking the first major trade dispute of Obama's presidency.[27]
The new case followed U.S. President Barack Obama's recent decision to impose punitive tariffs on all car and light truck tires from China for three years, a move quickly denounced by China as a "serious act of trade protectionism."[26] WASHINGTON, Nov 6 (Reuters) - A U.S. trade panel on Friday approved two new investigations into charges of unfair trade practices by China, but rejected another one week ahead of President Barack Obama's trip to Asia.[20]
The move is the latest in a series of retaliatory trade actions taken by the two trading partners ahead of a visit to China by U.S. President Barack Obama.[12] The announcement is the latest in a series of trade disputes between the U.S. and China, which called the move an "abuse of protectionist measures". The move comes 10 days before President Barack Obama is due to make his first visit to China since taking office. He will be in China from 15-18 November.[27]
Significantly, Beijing's decision to launch the anti-dumping inquiry comes just over a week before of President Barack Obama's first visit to China - where issues surrounding the $409 billion worth of annual trade between the countries were always expected to be explosive.[34]
"We hope the U.S. will abide by the principles of free trade and non-discrimination in trade under the WTO in handling the issue (of recognizing China's market economy status), and resolve it as quickly as possible," Yi said. The controversial U.S. ruling comes one week before President Obama is set to make his first visit to China.[1] During the trip, Obama is expected to stress the need for the U.S. and China to work together to help revive global economic growth and avoid protectionism. "President Obama consistently labels such moves as efforts to safeguard the jobs of the country's steel workers and not as a protectionist action infringing WTO rules," said He Weiwen, a council member of the Chinese Societies for American Economy Studies. "Therefore, even high level talks between the two countries are unlikely to bring such U.S. actions to an end."[1]
Several U.S. companies and a major labour union had petitioned the Commerce Department to examine Chinese under-pricing of the tubes, which include a variety of steel and iron products. China vowed to protect its industrial interests and called for the U.S. to give "equal and fair treatment to Chinese firms".[27] China's deliberately high-profile announcement swiftly followed last night's decision by Washington to impose hefty tariffs on steel pipes imported from the Chinese manufacturers. The Chinese commerce department described the tariffs as "discriminatory" on its website.[34]
The U.S. commerce department, however, exempted one Chinese company, Jiangsu Changbao Steel Co, from the 99.14 per cent "China-wide" anti-dumping duty.[31] The department said it "preliminarily determined that Chinese producers/exporters have received net countervailable subsidies ranging from 2.02 to 437.73 percent." As a result of this preliminary determination, Commerce will instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection to collect a cash deposit or bond based on these preliminary rates. The product covered by this investigation is welded-wire rack decking produced from carbon or alloy steel wire that has been welded into a mesh pattern.[26] Mandatory respondents, Dalian Huameilong Metal Products Co Ltd and Dalian Eastfound Metal Products received net subsidy rates of 2.02% and 3.13% respectively. In this investigation, there are a significant number of companies that did not complete Commerce's Quantity and Value Questionnaire. These companies will receive an adverse rate of 437.73% for non responsiveness. All other Chinese exporters received a net subsidy rate of 2.58%. As a result of this preliminary determination, Commerce will instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection to collect a cash deposit or bond based on these preliminary rates. The petitioners for this investigation are AWP Industries, Inc, ITC Manufacturing Inc, J&L Wire Cloth Inc, Nashville Wire Products Mfg Co Inc and Wireway Husky Corporation. The product covered by this investigation is welded wire rack decking produced from carbon or alloy steel wire that has been welded into a mesh pattern.[35]
In the salts case, U.S. companies ICL Performance Products and Prayon Inc asked for antidumping duties ranging up to 178 percent and additional countervailing duties on some $31.5 million of imports from China. It was not immediately clear how the one salt type excluded from the investigation affected that total.[20] Vice-Commerce Minister Yi Xiaozhun later told reporters China was "gravely concerned" by the move, adding that the import value of the affected products, known as oil country tubular goods (OCTG), was 3.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2008. The action is "the biggest so far" taken against China by another country, Yi said, adding: "So you can see that this is a really big case."[21]
"Capacity utilization at plants has tumbled to below 50 per cent'' for makers of the oil pipes, Tianjin's Li said, citing data from the Chinese steel association. "We have to shift to making other products but demand for them is much smaller.'' China's Ministry of Commerce said it will issue a statement on the ruling on its Web site today.[29] Mr Chen Jian vice minister of China Ministry of Commerce has urged Argentina to lift import restrictions on Chinese products and promote the steady development of bilateral trade.[36] Argentina has introduced a series of restrictions towards Chinese products since last year, delivering negative influences to bilateral trades. Figures from the country statistics bureau show total value of bilateral trade between China and Argentina dived 37.7% during the first nine months of this year from the corresponding period of a year earlier.[36]
China is the second-biggest trading partner for the U.S. after Canada, and ran up a record $US266 billion trade surplus with the U.S. last year. The U.S. and the European Union this week asked the World Trade Organization to end Chinese restrictions on exports of nine commodities.[29] China shot back by launching and investigation through the World Trade Organization (WTO) of U.S. car exports to China.[37]
The U.S. International Trade Commission will also decide today on three more investigations covering coated paper, certain steel fasteners and sodium and potassium phosphate salts from China.[31]
Yao urged the U.S. to follow promises made at last month's session of the China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade to fight protectionism. He also said China will "take measures" to defend the interests of domestic enterprises. "By not recognizing China as a market economy, the U.S. is acting in a discriminatory manner," he said.[3] U.S. and Chinese officials held talks in China in October on trade, clean energy and climate change amid the simmering trade disputes in several areas, claims of protectionism and a wide U.S. trade deficit with China.[27]
The Commerce Ministry said the U.S. decision violated World Trade Organization principles and commitments by Washington and other Group of 20 major economies to avoid protectionism amid the global economic crisis.[10] China's commerce ministry said the U.S. duties were a bid to protect U.S. makers of steel goods during the global downturn.[13]
The U.S. imposed duties of as much as 99 per cent on steel pipes from China after American producers led by U.S. Steel Corp. complained they were being dumped at below-market prices.[29] The announcement comes after the U.S. imposed anti-dumping duties on Chinese-made steel pipe for the auto and gas industry.[33] The pipe case, the largest so-called countervailing and anti-dumping duty complaint filed against Chinese-made products, was brought by the union; U.S. Steel, the largest US-based steelmaker; U.S. operations of Evraz Group SA, Russia's second- largest mill; and Pennsylvania-based Wheatland Tube Co. The two top Chinese exporters of the pipe to the U.S. received their own specific rates.[29] Steel: The U.S. is investigating allegations of dumping of several products, and Thursday announced preliminary duties on steel pipes.[8] "The U.S. should give objective consideration to the fact that the fundamental problem of the concerned U.S. industries is the fall in consumption demand brought on by the financial crisis, and thereby make a just, fair and reasonable final determination" on the steel pipe duties, the ministry said.[6]
According to the announcement by the country Ministry of Industry and Tourism recently, Argentina would start anti dumping investigation into steel pipes originating in China and its domestic enterprises could submit evidence within ten workdays.[36] The Chinese steel industry group said Friday major steel mills have asked the Commerce Ministry to launch an anti-dumping investigation of U.S.- and European-made hot rolled and stainless steel. It said the steel was being sold at improperly low prices and "caused injury to the Chinese market."[9] BEIJING: China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) said Friday it had launched anti-dumping, anti-subsidy investigations into US-made off-road vehicles and sedans with engine displacements of 2.0 liters and above. The decision was made after the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) filed an application for the investigations, the MOC said in a statement posted on its website.[18] On the auto issue, China's Ministry of Commerce said it will conduct anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations into imports of US-made sedans and sport-utility vehicles with engine capacities above 2 liters.[3]
Department of Commerce on November 3rd announced its affirmative preliminary determination in the countervailing duty investigation on imports of wire decking from the People's Republic of China.[35] From 2006 to 2008, imports of wire decking from China increased49 percent by value and amounted to an estimated 317 million dollars in 2008, according to the U.S. Commerce Department. Commerce said that it is currently scheduled to make its final determination in March 2010.[26] From 2006 to 2008, imports of OCTG from China increased 203 percent by value and amounted to an estimated 2.6 billion dollars in 2008, according to the U.S. Commerce Department.[5]
The U.S. commerce department said it has "determined that Chinese producers/exporters have sold OCTG (oil country tubular goods) in the United States at prices ranging from zero to 99.14% less than normal value".[27] Imports of Chinese pipe totaled $2.6 billion last year, the Commerce Department said, more than four times the amount in 2006.[8]
The preliminary Commerce Department decision came a week before President Barack Obama heads to Asia on a trip that includes stops in Shanghai and Beijing. It follows Obama's decision in September to put a 35 percent duty on Chinese-made tires in response to a petition from the United Steelworkers union.[30] The Commerce Department decision, which adds to countervailing duties announced on September 9, was taken a week before President Barack Obama heads to Asia, with stops in Shanghai and Beijing.[28]
The move came ahead of U.S. President Barack Obama's visit to China from Nov. 15 to 18. In September, Obama decided to impose a tariff on rapidly increasing imports of tires from China, the first such move to be taken by his administration against the country. [19] The U.S. ruling comes ahead of President Barack Obama's Nov. 16 visit to meet China's President Hu Jintao.[29]
The U.S. action -- and China's sharp response -- threatened to poison the atmosphere ahead of Obama's arrival. The two sides, the world's two biggest sources of the greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, are already at odds over how to apportion responsibility for reducing such emissions. The United States is pressing China for aggressive action to limit greenhouse gas emissions, while Beijing insists that developed countries, such as the United States, should take the lead.[13] WASHINGTON, Nov 3 (Reuters) - The United States said on Tuesday it set preliminary duties ranging from 2 percent to 438 percent on hundreds of millions of dollars of imported steel wire decking from China to offset government subsidies. It was the latest in a growing list of actions against imports from China, the United States' second-largest trading partner.[15] The company, a division of Nucor, one of the United States biggest steel companies, had requested antidumping duties ranging up to 206 percent on imports from China and up to 114 percent on imports from Taiwan.[20]
The United States denied China's market economy status and took discriminative measures to impose anti-dumping duties, bringing serious impacts to China's steel sector exports, said MOC spokesman Yao Jian in a statement on the ministry's website.[25]
U.S. producers NewPage Corp, Appleton Coated LLC and Warren Company joined with the United Steelworkers union in asking for anti-dumping duties ranging up to 136 percent on imports from China and up to 41 percent from Indonesia.[20] Commerce also set a preliminary 99.14 percent "China-wide" anti-dumping duty on other producers and exporters. "China's government and exporters are being told we are fed up with their cheating on our fair trade laws and penalties for these transgressions are long overdue," Steelworkers President Leo Gerard said in a statement praising the action.[30] The moves will also hurt the interests of U.S. consumers. "We're worried about increasing costs for people using these products," said Lewis Lebowitz, counsel to the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition. "China is the number one target of these duties and anti-dumping measures and the primary reason is that China is very competitive," said Edwin Vermulst, a trade lawyer with Vermulst Verhaeghe Graafsma & Bronkers.[5]
The duties still must be approved by the International Trade Commission. Those charges would be on top of separate duties averaging 21 percent that were imposed in September to counter Chinese government subsidies, the U.S. department said.[3] The U.S. had previously imposed counter-vailing duties on the pipes after finding that producers benefited from Chinese subsidies.[33]
The anti-dumping duty is over and above the countervailing duties of up to 36.53 per cent imposed on "oil country tubular goods" produced or exported by Tianjin Pipe International Economic and Trading Corp, Zhejiang Jianli Co, Wuxi Seamless Pipe Co and some other Chinese companies.[31] The OCTG are widely used in oil and gas drilling. As a result of this preliminary determination, a 36.53-percent levy will be imposed on the OCTG from 37 Chinese companies, while some other Chinese companies will receive a preliminary dumping rate of 99.14 percent.[5] According to the preliminary decision, 37 Chinese companies will be imposed a punitive tariff of 36.53 percent, while some other companies will receive a preliminary dumping rate of up to 99.14 percent.[17] A 36.53-percent levy was imposed on OCTG from 37 Chinese companies, while some other Chinese companies received a preliminary dumping rate of 99.14 percent.[25]
Two months ago, Washington imposed a 35 per cent tariff on Chinese tyres and was met with an immediate Chinese investigation into U.S. dumping of car parts. [34] The steady stream of trade disputes has been at the forefront of relations between Washington and Beijing since a U.S. decision in September to hit Chinese tire exporters with punitive tariffs.[8] Simmering trade tensions between Washington and Beijing boiled over in September when the Obama administration announced it would slap duties on Chinese-made tyres to protect local U.S. producers.[13] The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) must determine whether U.S. producers have been harmed, or are threatened with harm, by the imports for duties to become final.[15]
The White House announced on Thursday that the United States will now impose import duties as high as 99% on Chinese steel. It seems funny that the President would vow to avoid the evils of protectionist policy, yet escalate a burgeoning trade war with our second biggest trading partner.[38] Vice Commerce Minister Yi Xiaozhun said the United States employs "double standards" on Chinese manufacturers instead of heeding universally recognized trade rules under the World Trade Organization.[19] In trade meetings with U.S. officials last week in the city of Hangzhou, the Chinese side pressed for recognition as a market economy, before the 2016 deadline negotiated when it entered the World Trade Organisation. "We hope that the U.S. will abide by the principles of free trade and non-discrimination in trade under WTO rules in handling this issue," said vice minister of commerce Yi Xiaozhun.[6]
The United States, together with EU and Mexico, requested the World Trade Organization (WTO) to establish a dispute settlement panel to rule on China's export restraints on raw materials.[5] The Ministry of Commerce says the global financial crisis has dampened China's export market and worsened the trade environment.[14]
Yi Xiaozhun, a deputy commerce minister, said the case was the biggest anti-dumping action yet against China by market value and affected exports worth $3.2 billion a year.[9] Chinese steel exports to the U.S. plunged 73 per cent in the first eight months from a year ago, the China Iron & Steel Association said last month.[29]
CAAM, representing Chinese car-makers, said U.S. car makers had unfairly benefited from 31 government subsidy programs. The MOC decided to investigate into 24 of them. The ministry said it held consultation with its U.S. counterpart on Tuesday and made the decision in accordance with China's anti-dumping and anti-subsidy laws.[18] China strongly opposed the U.S. decision, calling it a protectionist move. "China expressed strong dissatisfaction and is resolutely opposed to this," said China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) spokesman Yao Jian in a statement in September. "This does not comply with WTO agreements on subsidies.[5] In the aftermath of the U.S. decision, the commerce ministry announced it will launch an anti-dumping and anti-subsidies probe into certain types of U.S. cars and off-road vehicles.[1]
China had said it would launch investigations into poultry and auto imports from the U.S. after the U.S. slapped safeguard duties on imports of Chinese-made tires. [33] The Obama administration imposed safeguard duties on Chinese-made tires, after a complaint by unions that low-priced Chinese imports were forcing U.S. factories to close.[28] The United Steelworkers union, which petitioned for the duties with seven U.S. companies, called the case the largest against Chinese imports in U.S. history, based on the volume of imports.[8]
A few weeks ago the U.S. government slapped import duties on Chinese manufactured tires.[37]
The U.S. set preliminary duties ranging from 2 percent to 438 percent on Chinese steel wire.[3] The preliminary decision on Tuesday concerns welded-wire rack decking, a product used in industrial and other commercial storage rack systems. U.S. companies imported an estimated $317 million of such decking in 2008, an increase of 49 percent from 2006.[15] Reuters reported that Australia plans to impose a provisional dumping duty of 16 percent on certain aluminium extrusions from China starting November 6th 2009. It said ""In reaching this preliminary decision, Customs and Border Protection is satisfied that the dumped and subsidized goods appear to have caused material injury to the Australian industry producing like goods."[39] Since taking office in January, the Obama administration has initiated at least a dozen anti-dumping or countervailing duty investigations against products from China in response to petitions filed by industry and union groups.[30] China says that the Obama administration has launched 13 separate anti-dumping and subsidy inquiries into Chinese products since the beginning of the year.[34]
Obama is expected to stress the need for the United States and China to work together to revive global economic growth and avoid protectionism that could endanger recovery. The Steelworkers, who campaigned hard for Obama during last year's presidential race and are an important ally in his fight to win approval of comprehensive healthcare reform in Congress, were also a driving force in the oil well pipe case.[30] The panel rejected by a vote of 6-0 an investigation into charges China and Taiwan were dumping certain standard steel fasteners in the United States.[20] The United States imported $229 million of the glossy paper covered by the investigation from China in 2008 and $53 million from Indonesia.[20]
Wire decking reinforced with structural supports is designed generally for industrial and other commercial storage rack systems. The product covered by this investigation is currently classified in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States under item number: 9403.90.8040.[35]
Products under investigation are seamless pipes and welded pipes imported from China with outer diameter of less than 10.75 inches, which are used in exploitation of oil and natural gas.[36]
According to the department, imports of steel pipes from China shot up nearly 132 percent by volume from 2006 to 2008 to an estimated $382 million.[19] Vehicles from the U.S. account for around 14 percent of China's total auto imports, making America the third biggest country for vehicle shipments to China after Germany and Japan.[3]
After China launched a WTO case over U.S. legislation forbidding the U.S. government from beginning the process of certifying Chinese cooked poultry exporters, the latest Congress appropriations bill no longer contains that provision.[28] Yi, the commerce minister, repeated Chinese complaints that Washington treats China as a non-market economy. He called that status a Cold War relic and said Beijing hopes it is soon repealed. "The 'market economy status' is the core of this case.[9] Friday, Beijing announced it was launching an anti-dumping investigation of imported U.S. autos. It said it was acting on a complaint by Chinese automakers but gave no details of the alleged American misconduct.[9]
The move was part of a growing list of actions against Chinese exports after the U.S. imposed punitive tariffs on Chinese tires in September.[3] The U.S. has asked for a WTO disputes panel to investigate Chinese restrictions on exports of specialized raw materials used in industry. It was joined by the European Union and Mexico.[37] The statement called the U.S. measures "discriminatory'' steps that would "have a serious impact on the Chinese steel industry's exports.''[29]
The U.S. International Trade Commission will vote on Friday whether to approve three more probes covering coated paper, certain standard steel fasteners and sodium and potassium phosphate salts from China.[30] China and the U.S. have exchanged complaints about steel, poultry, tires and metals as the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression spurred attempts by countries to protect jobs.[29]
The allegation is that China's restraints on some raw materials were driving up the cost of end products. What does all of this mean? The U.S. and European economies are still mired in stagnation with high unemployment.[37] The parts sell for about 40 U.S. cents per pound in China, compared with about 2 cents in the United States.[28] "We hope the United States can get rid of the bias and admit China's market economy status soon to tackle the double standards thoroughly and give Chinese enterprises equal and fair treatment," Yao said.[25]
SUVs and other imported luxury cars have become more common on the streets of Beijing in the past year, while Chinese car stimulus measures have helped boost domestic sales of the family cars made in China by Chinese and foreign manufacturers.[6] Anthony B. Rizzuto Jr., managing director of Dahlman Rose & Co. LLC, New York, said the Commerce duties, once imposed, could effectively keep large quantities of Chinese material from entering the domestic market. "While imports of OCTG material have already sharply declined, we believe that this decision should help to insulate the domestic market from Chinese material in the future," he wrote in a research note.[23] The companies also want additional "countervailing" duties on the imports to offset alleged Chinese government subsidies.[20] The tariffs will be on top of separate duties announced in September averaging 21 per cent to counter subsidies to Chinese producers.[29] The case could result in higher tariffs on U.S. autos if Chinese investigators conclude American automakers received improper subsidies or sold below fair-market price.[9]
The action followed Canada's decision in March to impose dumping and subsidizing tariffs on Chinese extrusions.[39]
Big labor scored another victory in the fight against free and open trade. This is the second tariff to be imposed at the direct request of the bosses of the United Steel Workers, after last month's tire tax. The Obama Administration claims to want to create jobs, yet they persist upon imposing barriers to trade that will drive up costs for employers, and inevitably lead to cutbacks, and layoffs.[38] After tariffs on poultry, and then tires, now steel pipes have drawn the ire of the Obama Administration.[38]
Beijing and Washington are involved in a series of disputes over access to each others' markets for poultry, tires, steel pipes, music and movies.[10]
Jiangsu Changbao Steel Tube Co. won't face any dumping duties, while Tianjin Pipe was assessed a 36.5 per cent duty.[29] The Australian customs authorities launched an investigation into the case in June and are due to report to the Minister of Home Affairs with recommendations on or before April 15, 2010 on whether to publish a dumping duty notice. It is unclear the volume of extrusions shipped to Australia from China, but a source familiar with the investigation said earlier this year China's extrusions exports ballooned in the first quarter.[39] China is the victim of a third of the whole world anti-dumping cases, and has been the biggest victim in the past 13 years[14]
"China resolutely opposes the abuse of protectionist measures, and will take measures to protect the interests of our domestic industry," said a statement issued by the the Ministry of Commerce. [27] "China resolutely opposes use of such protectionist practices, and will take measures to protect the interests of domestic industry," ministry spokesman Yao Jian said in a statement on the ministry's Web site.[10]
The targeting of American carmakers - and the prospect of punitive fines -- aims a potentially savage blow at a U.S. industry still wrestling for survival in dreadful domestic and European markets.[34]
The probe is unlikely to have much of an effect on U.S. auto imports as only a small percentage of vehicles sold in China are imported, with most global auto makers having manufacturing facilities inside the country. [8] Paper: A U.S. body Friday approved a probe into dumping of coated paper from China.[8]
In the mix is mutual distrust over protectionism and the issues surrounding China's huge holdings of U.S. debt.[34]
Obama -- who will be in China from November 15-18 -- said in July that the US-China relationship would "shape the 21st century". In a press briefing in Beijing on Friday on Obama's visit, Vice-Foreign Minister He Yafei was upbeat about US-China ties, saying the trip would mark a "new historical starting point" in relations.[21] Mr Obama will visit China for several days from November 15th and trade disputes are likely to feature prominently.[6] "China does not want bickering to spoil the visit. That's a priority," said Wang Yong, a professor at Peking University who specialises in China-U.S. economic ties. "Obama may, say, announce progress on recognising China as a market economy during the visit, and so before that he needs to show people at home that China must play by the rules."[40] A final ruling will be made in March. President Obama plans his first visit to China within a few weeks.[37] China's calibrated response may be an attempt to avoid a tense atmosphere in the hope of concessions during Obama's visit.[40]
The vice-minister of commerce said China will take "concrete measures" to protect the interests of Chinese enterprises and industries. [1] The Commerce Department will issue an anti-dumping duty order or a countervailing duty one based on the ITC's decision.[5] The department claimed that the selling price of Chinese-exported tubular steel goods in the U.S. market was less than the normal market, ranging from zero to 99.14 percent.[17] Globally, new requests for protection from imports in the first half of 2009 were up 18.5 percent over the first half of 2008, according to the World Bank-sponsored Global Anti-dumping Database organized by Chad P. Bown, a Brandeis University economics professor. That increase followed a 44-percent increase in new investigations in 2008.[5] The anti-dumping investigation adds sports utility vehicles to a growing list of products embroiled in an acrimonious trade spat that includes chicken and tyres.[34]
Beijing today launched an inquiry into allegations that American carmakers such as General Motors and Ford dumped government-subsidised cars on to the Chinese market in the latest flare-up of trade tensions between the two huge economies.[34] Beijing says it must rein in mining to protect the environment, but Washington and others say the curbs improperly give Chinese companies favorable access to some materials.[10]
The United States joined Europe and Mexico in asking the WTO to investigate Chinese curbs on exports of bauxite and other industrial raw materials.[10] "We hope that the United States can uphold free trade and nondiscriminatory principles," Yi said at a news conference. "All these are universally recognized rules under the WTO."[19]
The United States imported $291 million of the fasteners from China in 2008 and $395 million from Taiwan.[20] "China is greatly concerned. For many times we have asked the United States to seek proper treatment of this issue, but so far it has not been done (so)," he said.[19]
Presently, there are some 110,000 foreign troops from more than 42 countries in Afghanistan under the commands of the NATO and the United States fighting Taliban insurgents with the U.S. topping the list with about 62,000 troops.[41]
The tariffs go into effect immediately, but since the finding is preliminary, U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials will collect cash deposits or bonds.[5] Commerce also proposed a "zero" tariff margin on Jiangsu Changbao Steel Tube Co. Ltd.[23]
The ITC's rejection of the probe into imports of certain standard steel fasteners from China and Taiwan is a disappointment for Nucor Fasteners.[20] The department said that imports of OCTG from China were valued at an estimated $2.6bn (£1.6bn) in 2008.[27] From 2006 to 2008, imports of wire decking from China increased 49% by value and amounted to an estimated USD 317 million in 2008. This HTSUS subheading however is a basket category covering not only subject merchandise but also other metal furniture parts.[35]
China requested consultations on the duties, a preliminary step toward a WTO complaint.[28]
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1. Steel producers hit with huge US fees
2. U.S. sets more duties on China pipe in record case | Business News | Reuters
3. Trade dispute heats up while Obama visit nears -- Shanghai Daily | '''''''''''' -- English Window to China New
4. Chinese anger at US pipe tariffs -- Shanghai Daily | '''''''''''' -- English Window to China New
5. U.S. sets preliminary penalties on China's oil pipes in record case_English_Xinhua
6. China condemns US duties - The Irish Times - Fri, Nov 06, 2009
7. China calls for market economy status after U.S. duties | Economy | Reuters
8. Beijing Slams U.S.Tariffs in Growing Clash - WSJ.com
9. The Associated Press: China criticizes US over pipe duties
10. China blasts US steel pipe duties as protectionist - Forbes.com
11. FT.com / UK - US slaps anti-dumping duties on steel pipe imports from China
12. China hits back at US
13. AFP: China hits back at US tariffs, trade spat escalates
14. Trade disputes affects 1.5 mln Chinese jobs CCTV-International
15. UPDATE 3-US sets duties on China steel goods as cases mount | Reuters
16. UPDATE 2-US OKs two more import probes against China | Reuters
17. Global Times - US preliminary ruling to impose punitive tariffs on Chinese oil pipes
18. China launches anti-dumping, anti-subsidy probe into US autos
19. Industrial Laser Solutions - Laser Applications and Technology for Manufacturing
20. UPDATE 1-US OKs two more import probes versus China | Reuters
21. channelnewsasia.com - China hits back at US tariffs as trade spat escalates
22. Business finance news - currency market news - online UK currency markets - financial news - Interactive Investor
23. Log in to AMM.com
24. Log in to AMM.com
25. China opposes U.S. anti-dumping duties on oil well pipe _English_Xinhua
26. U.S. sets preliminary penalties on Chinese wire decking_English_Xinhua
27. BBC NEWS | Asia-Pacific | US hits China pipes with tariffs
28. FACTBOX: Sino-U.S. trade disputes pile up | Politics | Reuters
29. US slaps tariffs on Chinese steel imports
30. UPDATE 3-U.S. sets more duties on China pipe in record case | Reuters
31. domain-b.com : Sino-US trade dispute flares up
32. UPDATE: China: Started Investigating Some US Auto Imports - WSJ.com
33. China formally launches probe of U.S.-made autos | Special Coverage | Reuters
34. China probes US carmakers over dumping claims - Times Online
35. Steel Guru : US DOC sets CVD on imports of wire decking from China
36. Steel Guru : Argentina starts probe into Chinese steel pipe
37. US/China trade war heats up with duties slapped on steel pipe imports - BloggingStocks
38. What's That You Say About Avoiding Protectionism, Obama?
39. Steel Guru : Australia to impose AD duty on aluminium extrusions import from China
40. China blasts U.S. duties ahead of Obama visit | World | Reuters
41. RTTNews - Market Sensitive Global News, Broker Ratings, News&Analysis, Global Markets News.
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